Languages As The Medium Of Instruction, A Setback Of Students’ Access Towards Higher Education: A Case Study From Rural Areas Of Pakistan
Abstract
The study intends to explore the difficulties of students’ access towards higher education through English language as a medium of instruction in Pakistan. Data were collected by analyzing different documents, articles, research reports, research based books, and experts opinions, teachers of English Language and a questionnaire for students. The result show that although students faces multiple problems in access towards higher education but medium of instruction in this regard is one of the main problems of students failure towards higher education. In addition in English language proficiency the students of other language then English have less achievement scores as compared to native English speakers. The study further clears that English is a dominant language as a medium of instruction at all level of Education in Pakistan. The study suggested further research to address the issue
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References
References
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Embong, A. M., Noor, A. M., Hashim, H. M., Ali, R. M., & Shaari, Z. H. (2012). E-Books as Textbooks in the Classroom. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 1802-1809.
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United Nations Educational, S., & Organization, C. (2009). Global education digest 2009: Comparing education statistics across the world: UNESCO Institute for Statistics Montreal.
Block, D., & Cameron, D. (2002). Globalization and language teaching: London. Routledge.
RetrievedFrom: https://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=z52CAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Globalization+and+language+teaching:&ots=Lqjc51kfdH&sig=wloPPcOXC8GaeOxrPsO4yvq8o-g#v=onepage&q=Globalization%20and%20language%20teaching%3A&f=false
Brutt-Griffler, J. (2002). World English: A study of its development . NY: USA.Multilingual Matters.
Retrieved From:
https://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=tLWQ4T8FmIkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR6&dq=World+English:+A+study+of+its+development+&ots=SCjICvh6jO&sig=sFkVLhVH4ng04RDofEs76Nn_k_M#v=onepage&q=World%20English%3A%20A%20study%20of%20its%20development&f=false
Card, D. (1999). The causal effect of education on earnings", in O. Ashenfelter and D. Card (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 3A, Amsterdam: North Holland.
Cohen, S. P. (1998). The Pakistan Army: With a New Foreword and Epilogue: Oxford University Press, USA.
Coleman, J. A. (2006). English-medium teaching in European higher education. Language teaching, 39(01), 1-14.
Dar, M. F., & Khan, I. (2015). Writing Anxiety among Public and Private Sectors Pakistani Undergraduate University Students.
Embong, A. M., Noor, A. M., Hashim, H. M., Ali, R. M., & Shaari, Z. H. (2012). E-Books as Textbooks in the Classroom. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 1802-1809.
Finnie, R., Wismer, A., & Mueller, R. E. (2015). Access and Barriers to Postsecondary Education: Evidence from the Youth in Transition Survey. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 45(2), 229-262.
Graddol. (1997).
Graddol, D. (2008). Why global English may mean the end of ‘English as a foreign language’.
Hisam, A. (2002). Urdu Mahir: EK Ta’aruf’. Muqtadra, 2002, 47-49.
Hu, G., & Lei, J. (2014). English-medium instruction in Chinese higher education: a case study. Higher Education, 67(5), 551-567.
Jameel, A. M. (2002). Nuri Nastaleeq ki Kahani Ahmad Mirza Jameel ki zubani. Interview by Khan, Raziuddin and Siddiqui, Wajih Ahmed. In Muqtadra, 2002, 4-13.
Khalique. (2006).
Kyllonen, P. C. (2012). The Importance of Higher Education and the Role of Noncognitive Attributes in College Success La importancia de la educación superior y el rol de los atributos no cognitivos en el éxito en dichas instituciones. Pensamiento Educativo, 49(2), 84-100.
Mansoor, S. (2003). Language Planning in Higher Education Issues of Access and Equity.
Mullen, F. (2010). Barriers to widening access to higher education. Edinburgh: SPICe Information Centre, Scottish Parliament.
Qureshi, M., Shirazi, R. A., & Wasim, M. P. (2007). Perspective and Prospects of Commencing New Education Policy (NEP) of Pakistan: A Review of Conference. Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences,(1), 2, 167-176.
Rahman, T. (1996). Language and politics in Pakistan: Oxford University Press, USA.
Rahman, T. (2004). Language policy and localization in Pakistan: Proposal for a paradigmatic shift. Paper presented at the SCALLA Conference on Computational Linguistics.
Rahman, T. (2006). Urdu as an Islamic Language. Annual of Urdu Studies, 21.
Saville-Troike, M. (1984). What really matters in second language learning for academic achievement? TESOL quarterly, 199-219.
Shah, D. (2003). Country report on decentralization in the education system of Pakistan: Policies and strategies. Islamabad: Academy of Educational Planning and Management,(Islamabad), Ministry of Education.
Tahir, M. T. (2001). teaching of english as a second language. lahore: Majeed book depot.
United Nations Educational, S., & Organization, C. (2009). Global education digest 2009: Comparing education statistics across the world: UNESCO Institute for Statistics Montreal.
Published
2022-04-22
How to Cite
QAISRANI, Sajad Ahmad; RAMZAN, Muhammad.
Languages As The Medium Of Instruction, A Setback Of Students’ Access Towards Higher Education: A Case Study From Rural Areas Of Pakistan.
Indonesian Journal of Basic Education, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 1 - 10, apr. 2022.
ISSN 2615-8523.
Available at: <https://e-jurnal.stkiprokania.ac.id/index.php/IJOBE/article/view/491>. Date accessed: 24 apr. 2025.
Section
Articles
